DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PID CONTROL FOR A DC MOTOR-DRIVEN BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM

Authors

  • O.A Olubosede,

    Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

  • K. B Adedeji,

    Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

  • C. S Odeyemi,

    Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

  • T. H Shabangu,

    Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2025.19.2.440
Keywords:
belt conveyor, DC motor, microcontroller, overshoo, PID control
Abstract

In this study, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control system was designed and implemented on a DC motor-driven belt conveyor system. In addition, the effects of other control strategies, such as open-loop, Proportional (P), Proportional-Integral (PI), and the PID control on the loading conditions of a DC motor-driven belt conveyor system were investigated.  The DC motor's speed control is critical to ensuring the conveyor’s stability and efficiency. The effectiveness of the system was analysed using steady-state error, maximum overshoot, peak time, and rise time. In the open-loop configuration, the system exhibits high steady-state errors and slow responses, making it unsuitable for precise speed control. Proportional control provides a faster response than open-loop but a high steady-state error and relatively high overshoot. PI control balances steady-state error reduction with moderate overshoot, peak time, and rise time. PID control, however, provides the best performance with no steady-state error, fast rise and peak times, and moderate overshoot. In terms of the steady state error, the PID control has 100% improvement than the PI and P control respectively. Also, a 2% reduction in the maximum overshoot is observed when compared to the PI control and 41% reduction when compared to the P control. The comparative analysis demonstrates that PID control is the most effective strategy for optimising the DC motor belt conveyor system, offering a balanced improvement across all performance metrics.

Author Biographies
  1. O.A Olubosede, , Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

    Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

  2. K. B Adedeji, , Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

    Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

  3. C. S Odeyemi,, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

    Department of Computer Engineering

  4. T. H Shabangu, , Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

    Department of Electrical Engineering

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Published
2025-11-27
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Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025): FUTA Journal of Engineering and Engineering Technology
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How to Cite

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PID CONTROL FOR A DC MOTOR-DRIVEN BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM. (2025). FUTA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, 19(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2025.19.2.440

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