SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SOLID MINERAL EXTRACTION IN OKE-OGUN, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: ENVIRONMENTAL, LIVELIHOOD, AND GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVES
- Authors
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Emmanuel Igonor
Federal University of Technology, Akure
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Matthew Oyedokun
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Olisa Gbenga
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- Keywords:
- Array, Array, Array, Array, Array
- Abstract
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The Oke-Ogun region in southwestern Nigeria has experienced significant growth in solid mineral extraction activities. Nonetheless, the sector is predominantly characterized by informal and inadequately regulated operations. This research investigates the spatial patterns, extent, and consequences of ongoing mining operations in the area, evaluating their environmental, socioeconomic, and governance ramifications using a mixed-methods design that combines field mapping of 187 mining sites, interviews with stakeholders, and secondary data from geological surveys and policy documents. Drawing on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, Stakeholder Theory, and the Resource Curse hypothesis, this analysis synthesizes environmental, socioeconomic, and institutional factors into a comprehensive framework for sustainable mineral governance. Key findings indicate that artisanal and small-scale mining constitutes over 90% of activities, underscoring the sector’s informality and regulatory shortcomings. Gemstone mining predominates with 89 sites, followed by granite quarrying at 62 sites. Local communities report substantial natural capital degradation, with 88% noting adverse environmental effects, contrasted by 75% acknowledging benefits to financial capital, which highlights an unsustainable exchange of immediate economic gains for enduring ecological stability. Moreover, inadequate implementation of the Minerals and Mining Act, constrained institutional capabilities, and jurisdictional overlaps intensify governance failures and conflicts among stakeholders. The study reveals that Oke-Ogun’s mining economy exemplifies the duality of localized advantages amid systemic fragilities, a paradox that the proposed holistic model addresses by integrating multidimensional perspectives. As a novel contribution, this framework advances beyond fragmented analyses, offering actionable pathways for transformation. Recommendations include the prompt formalization of artisanal mining cooperatives, enhanced community involvement in governance, dedicated funding for environmental restoration, and livelihood diversification strategies to reposition the region’s extractive industry as a catalyst for equitable and sustainable regional development.
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